Fencing is the process of locking resources away from a node whose status is uncertain.
There are a variety of fencing techniques available.
One can either fence nodes - using NodeFencing, or fence resources using ResourceFencing. Some types of resources are SelfFencingResources, and some aren't damaged by simultaneous use, and don't require fencing at all.
SplitBrain, DunnsLaw, NodeFencing, ResourceFencing, FencingDaemon, SelfFencingResource, STONITH, Split-brain, quorum, fencing overview